Comparative study of anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain total antibody titer before and after heterologous booster with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine

Qatrunnada Kamil; Widia Putri; Arianisah P. Ayulinda; Imelda Maelani; Samsul Anwar; Ichsan Ichsan; Agung Pranata; Mudatsir Mudatsir; Maimun Syukri; Samsul Rizal; Rudi Kurniawan; Sarwo E. Sofyan; Harapan Harapan

doi:10.52225/narra.v4i3.788

Authors

Qatrunnada Kamil Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Widia Putri Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Arianisah P. Ayulinda Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Imelda Maelani https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0493-7535
Samsul Anwar Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3165-2151
Ichsan Ichsan Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC), Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8903-9977
Agung Pranata Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Mudatsir Mudatsir Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5643-9384
Maimun Syukri Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Samsul Rizal Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Rudi Kurniawan Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3033-0268
Sarwo E. Sofyan Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Harapan Harapan Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC), Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-8413

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v4i3.788

Keywords:

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain total antibody, booster vaccine, heterologous vaccine, mRNA vaccine, COVID-19

Abstract

The waning immunity following the COVID-19 vaccination become a significant concern and the immunological dynamics of vaccine-induced antibodies after vaccination need to be explored. The aim of this study was to compare anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody levels before and after a booster dose with heterologous COVID-19 vaccine and to identify factors influencing the levels after receiving the booster dose. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which individuals who received primary doses of CoronaVac and a booster dose with an mRNA-based vaccine were recruited using a purposive sampling technique. The titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and plausible associated factors were collected using a questionnaire-assisted face-to-face interview. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the titers before and after the booster dose, while the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, followed by multivariate linear regression, were used to assess the factors associated with RBD total antibody titers. The results showed that there was a significant increase of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody titers before and after receiving the booster dose (1,558.7 BAU/mL vs 140.6 BAU/mL, p<0.001). The analysis revealed that age (p=0.555), sex (p=0.254), type of vaccine (p=0.914), presence of hypertension (p=0.541), diabetes (p=0.975), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, p=0.620), and gout (p=0.364) were not associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody titers. However, the titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody were significantly different between those with and without hyperlipidemia (p=0.021). This study suggests that a booster dose with a heterologous COVID-19 vaccine could significantly enhance immune responses against COVID-19, and therefore, this strategy may be recommended as part of preventive measures to strengthen immunity against COVID-19.