Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the 9-item Indonesian HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale (InHASS-9) for the general population

Bustanul Arifin; Firas F.  Alkaff; Sovia Salamah; Saidah Rauf; Zulkarnain Zulkarnain; Rasuane Noor; Dyah A. Perwitasari; Retna S. Padmawati; Sylmina D. Alkaff; Bambang Dwicahya; Yuliet Yuliet; Fajriansyah Fajriansyah; Maarten J. Postma; Muh D. Kurniawan; Muhammad R. Rokhman

doi:10.52225/narra.v5i1.1305

Authors

Bustanul Arifin Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia; Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Health Behavior, Environment, and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Center of Health Behavior and Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2303-310X
Firas F. Alkaff Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5628-1345
Sovia Salamah Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Saidah Rauf Department of Nursing, Poltekkes Kemenkes Maluku, Ambon, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1079-2251
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5395-1892
Rasuane Noor Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro, Lampung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3034-0092
Dyah A. Perwitasari Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Retna S. Padmawati Department of Health Behavior, Environment, and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Center of Health Behavior and Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-5996
Sylmina D. Alkaff Department of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Bambang Dwicahya Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Tompotika Luwuk, Luwuk, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6428-1313
Yuliet Yuliet Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Tadulako, Palu, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1314-9336
Fajriansyah Fajriansyah Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Almarisah Madani, Makassar, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3636-9470
Maarten J. Postma Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands; Unit of PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology and Economics (PTE2), Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute of Science in Healthy Ageing and healthcaRE (SHARE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6306-3653
Muh D. Kurniawan Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9888-8743
Muhammad R. Rokhman Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0608-3084

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v5i1.1305

Keywords:

AIDS, cultural adaptation, Indonesia, validation, 9-item Indonesian HIV/AIDS stigma

Abstract

Stigma against people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA) poses significant health threats and contributes to the uncontrolled transmission of HIV. Although tools for measuring stigma against PLWHA have been validated in Indonesia, a previous study was geographically limited and conducted with small sample sizes. The aim of this study was to perform cross-cultural adaptation and validate the psychometric properties of the 9-item Indonesian HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale (InHASS-9) in the Indonesian general population. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, the study recruited 1,302 participants from six major islands in Indonesia. The validity of the instrument was determined using recognized group validity and construct validity, while internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. During the adaptation phase, nine simple items were finalized for inclusion in the scale. The findings revealed that the InHASS-9 instrument exhibited strong internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.83, indicating high reliability. In conclusion, the InHASS-9 instrument is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the extent of social stigma associated with PLWHA in Indonesia.