Toxicity assessment and bioimaging potential of carbon dots synthesized from banana peel in zebrafish model

Authors

  • Ni PAD. Wijayanti Research Group of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-8563
  • Fitri A. Permatasari Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia; Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia; Collaboration Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3228-8307
  • Sophi Damayanti Research Group of Pharmacochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia; Department of Natural Language Processing and Big Data Analysis, Center of Excellence on Artificial Intelligence for Vision, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-685X
  • Kusnandar Anggadiredja Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9879-6112
  • Fery Iskandar Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia; Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia; Collaboration Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0464-0035
  • Indra Wibowo Department of Physiology, Animal Development and Biomedical Science Research Group, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7197-2075
  • Heni Rachmawati Research Group of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia; Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1968-0002

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v4i3.1228

Keywords:

Carbon dots, pyrolysis, hydrothermal, LC50, zebrafish

Abstract

Zebrafish serve as a pivotal model for bioimaging and toxicity assessments; however, the toxicity of banana peel-derived carbon dots in zebrafish has not been previously reported. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of carbon dots derived from banana peel in zebrafish, focusing on two types prepared through hydrothermal and pyrolysis methods. Banana peels were synthesized using hydrothermal and pyrolysis techniques and then compared for characteristics, bioimaging ability, and toxicity in zebrafish as an animal model. Pyrolysis-derived banana peel and hydrothermal-derived banana peel showed blue emission under ultraviolet light, indicating excitation-dependent behavior. To test their potential application for bioimaging, a soaking method was used using zebrafish that showed fluorescence intensity in the eyes, abdomen, and tail of zebrafish. Toxicity comparison showed that pyrolysis-derived banana peel had lower toxicity with 50% lethal concentrations (LC50) of 1707.3 ppm than hydrothermal-derived banana peel (LC50 993 ppm) in zebrafish. Both types of carbon dots showed significant differences (p<0.05) in hatching rates at 96 and 120 hours of exposure. Of the two methods for carbon dot synthesis from banana peel, the pyrolysis method had a higher toxicity threshold than the hydrothermal method, as indicated by the LC50 value and the number of zebrafish embryos that died, hatched delayed, and experienced malformation during their development.

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